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By modifying)]TJ T* -0.018 Tc 0.004 Tw [(mainstr)19(eam W)92(estern scientific instruction, students can also successfully gain)]TJ T* -0.019 Tc 0.005 Tw [(the necessary scientific liter)19(ac)18(y t)19(o assist in becoming envir)19(onment)19(al pr)18(oblem-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (solv)Tj 1.68481 0 TD (er)Tj 0.85108 0 TD (s)Tj 0.38891 0 TD (.)Tj -1.1248 -1.20001 TD -0.014 Tc [(Our Elder)19(s teach us that the Earth is sick, and that when the earth is sick)]TJ -1.8 -1.2 TD 0.022 Tc 0.12 Tw [(w)19(e will all suffer the consequences)36(. The philoso)1(phica)-1(l f)19(oundations of)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.137 Tw (Aboriginal education ha)Tj 10.57722 0 TD 0 Tc (v)Tj 0.48317 0 TD 0.0019 Tc (e)Tj 0.9187 0 Td 0.002 Tc [(been w)19(ell documented in the liter)18(atur)19(e)56(. P)56(ost-)]TJ -11.97909 -1.20001 TD 0 Tc -0.014 Tw [(secondary institutions ar)19(e eager t)19(o attr)18(act Aboriginal students t)19(o their insti-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD -0.023 Tc 0.009 Tw [(t)1(u)1(t)1(i)1(o)1(n)1(s)38(.)1( )1(A)1(p)1(p)1(r)19(oaching the de)19(v)19(elopment of Indigenous Education pr)19(ogr)19(a)1(m)1(s)1( )1(w)1(i)1(t)1(h)]TJ T* -0.004 Tc -0.01 Tw (the needs of Aboriginal students and communities at the f)Tj 24.81212 0 TD [(or)19(e)55(, and with cul-)]TJ -24.81212 -1.2 TD -0.006 Tc 0 Tw (tur)Tj 1.18392 0 TD -0.008 Tw [(al pr)19(osperity as the goal, can pr)18(oduce pr)19(ogr)19(ams that pr)18(omote Indigenous)]TJ -1.18392 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.002 Tw [(Kno)19(wledge)56(, Indigenous pr)18(ocesses of teaching and learning, and the appr)19(o-)]TJ T* -0.011 Tc -0.003 Tw [(priate use of W)93(estern science t)19(o counter)18(act the envir)19(onment)19(al destruction in)]TJ T* 0.002 Tc 0.137 Tw (Indigenous T)Tj 5.66699 0.00001 TD [(errit)19(ories)36(. Pr)19(otecting the land and building health)19(y)111(, sust)18(ain-)]TJ -5.667 -1.2 TD -0.025 Tc 0.011 Tw [(able local economies will pr)19(o)18(vide futur)19(e gener)19(ations of Aboriginal P)56(eoples with)]TJ T* -0.016 Tc 0.002 Tw [(the wisdom and t)19(ools t)18(o str)19(engthen their r)18(elationships t)19(o the land and t)19(o con-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (tinue t)Tj 2.7585 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (o)Tj 0.8148 0 Td 0 Tc [(decoloniz)19(e their communities and Nations)36(.)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 72 17.4601 324 23.0399 re f Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 197.4124 33.8348 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Indigenous Environmental Education for Cultural Survival)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 397.008 17.496 24.7 23.0401 re f BT /F0 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 407.3822 33.8708 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (23)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /Length 9527 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /GS1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 36 63 324 532.8 re f Q /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 149.5769 587.4685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Notes on Contributor)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F12 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 37 564.6685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.006 Tw [(L)19(eanne Simpson)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 114.5084 564.6685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.006 Tw [(is of Anishinaabeg ancestry)111(. She is curr)18(ently the Dir)19(ect)19(or)]TJ -7.75084 -1.2 TD -0.019 Tc 0.005 Tw [(of Indigenous Envir)19(onment)18(al Studies at T)80(r)19(ent Univ)18(er)19(sity in P)56(eterbor)18(ough, ON.)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 171.7622 519.0685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (References )Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37 496.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.056 Tw [(Ander)19(son, K. (2000). )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 117.2926 496.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 Tc (A)Tj 0.94086 0 Td 0 Tc 0.052 Tw [(r)19(ecognition of being: R)18(econstructing nativ)19(e w)18(omanhood)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 323.39 496.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 Tc (.)Tj 0.61169 0 Td 0 Tc [(T)88(or)18(ont)19(o:)]TJ -32.18699 -1.41176 TD [(Second St)19(ory Pr)18(ess)37(.)]TJ -2.11765 -1.41176 TD 0.003 Tc 0.136 Tw [(Ant)19(one)56(, E.M. (2000). Empo)18(w)20(ering aboriginal v)18(oice in aboriginal education. )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 325.6632 472.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.002 Tc (Canadian)Tj -31.84273 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc [(Journal of Nativ)19(e Education)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 151.2849 460.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 Tc (,)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 156.0081 460.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (24)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 164.8276 460.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [((2), 92-1)56(02.)]TJ -15.03854 -1.41176 TD -0.017 Tc 0.003 Tw [(Armstr)19(ong, J. (1995). K)36(eeper)19(s of the earth. In T)130(. R)18(osz)19(ak, M.E. Gomes)37(, & A.D.)-1( K)37(anner \(Eds)37(.\),)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 55 436.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.022 Tc 0.009 Tw [(Ecopsy)19(chology: R)18(est)19(oring the earth, healing the mind)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 234.5957 436.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.023 Tc 0.009 Tw [(\(pp. 3)56(16-325\), San Fr)18(ancisco: Sierr)19(a)]TJ -21.12891 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(Club Books)37(. )]TJ -2.11765 -1.41176 TD 0.009 Tw [(Cajete)56(, G. (1994). )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 102.8813 412.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.009 Tw [(L)19(ook t)19(o the mount)18(ain: An ecology of indigenous education)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 306.8912 412.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 Tc (.)Tj 0.5649 0 Td 0 Tc 0.009 Tw (Skyland, NC:)Tj -30.19916 -1.41176 TD 0 Tw [(Kiv)19(aki Pr)18(ess)37(.)]TJ -2.11765 -1.41176 TD -0.007 Tc -0.007 Tw [(Cajete)56(, G. (1999). )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 101.3569 388.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 Tc -0.007 Tw (Igniting the sparkle: An indigenous science education model)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 307.9254 388.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.007 Tc (.)Tj 0.53492 0 Td -0.007 Tw (Skyland, NC:)Tj -30.29085 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(Kiv)19(aki Pr)18(ess)37(.)]TJ -2.11765 -1.41176 TD -0.004 Tc -0.01 Tw [(Castellano, M., Da)19(vis)36(, L., & L. L)19(ahache)56(. (2000). Intr)18(oduction. In M. Castellano, L. Da)19(vis)37(, &)]TJ 2.11765 -1.41176 TD -0.008 Tc -0.006 Tw [(L. L)19(ahache \(Eds)36(.\), )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 120.1172 352.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 Tc -0.005 Tw [(A)19(boriginal education: Fulfilling the pr)18(omise )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 271.9333 352.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 Tc -0.006 Tw [((pp. xi-xviii). V)92(ancouv)19(er:)]TJ -25.52156 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(Univ)19(er)18(sity of British Columbia Pr)19(ess)37(.)]TJ -2.11765 -1.41176 TD -0.019 Tc 0.005 Tw [(Corbier)19(e)55(, A. (2000). R)19(econciling epistemological orient)19(ations: T)88(o)18(w)19(ar)19(d a wholistic Nishnaabe)]TJ 2.11765 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc -0.008 Tw [(\(Ojib)19(w)19(e/Oda)18(w)19(a/P)56(ot)19(a)19(w)19(at)18(omi\) education. )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 201.9981 316.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.008 Tw [(Canadian Journal of Nativ)19(e Education)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 333.4092 316.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 Tc (,)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 338.0637 316.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (24)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 346.8833 316.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k ((2),)Tj -34.33921 -1.41176 TD [(1)161(13-120.)]TJ -2.11765 -1.41176 TD 0.016 Tc 0.123 Tw [(Fitznor)111(, L., Haig-Br)18(o)19(wn, C., & Moses)37(, L. (2000). Edit)19(orial: (De)colonizing academe:)]TJ 2.11765 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(Kno)19(wing our r)18(elations)37(. )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 140.442 280.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [(Canadian Journal of Nativ)19(e Education)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 272.109 280.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 Tc (,)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 276.8321 280.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (24)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 285.6517 280.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k ((2), 75-82.)Tj -29.25314 -1.41176 TD 0.012 Tc 0.126 Tw [(G)1(r)20(a)19(v)19(eline)56(,)1( F)148(.G. )-1((1998). )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 125.4194 268.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.011 Tc 0.118 Tw [(Cir)19(cle w)18(orks: T)80(r)19(ansf)18(orming Eur)19(ocentric consciousness)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 324.1299 268.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.0116 Tc (.)Tj 0.70634 0 Td 0.012 Tc [(Halif)19(ax:)]TJ -32.36869 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc [(F)56(ern)19(w)19(ood Publishing.)]TJ -2.11765 -1.41176 TD -0.001 Tc -0.013 Tw [(Hart, M. (1996). Sharing cir)19(cles: Utilizing tr)18(aditional pr)19(actice methods f)19(or teaching, help-)]TJ 2.11765 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc -0.014 Tw [(ing, and supporting. In S. O\325Mear)19(a & D.A. W)92(est \(Eds)37(.\), )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 254.8294 232.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 Tw [(Fr)19(om our e)18(y)19(es: L)19(earning fr)18(om)]TJ -23.50934 -1.41176 TD 0 Tw (indigenous peoples)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 124.2347 220.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k [((pp. 59-73). T)88(or)18(ont)19(o: Gar)19(amond Pr)18(ess)37(.)]TJ -10.26291 -1.41176 TD -0.028 Tc 0.014 Tw [(Little Bear)111(, L. (1998). Aboriginal r)19(elationships t)18(o the land and r)19(esour)19(ces)36(. In J. Oak)19(es)37(, R. Rie)18(w)19(e)55(,)]TJ 2.11765 -1.41176 TD 0 Tc 0.011 Tw (K. Kine)Tj 3.17632 0 TD (w)Tj 0.64795 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (,)Tj 0.56659 0 Td (&)Tj 1.01059 0 Td (E.)Tj 1.14049 0 Td 0 Tc 0 Tw (Malone)Tj 3.14769 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (y)Tj 0.80746 0 Td 0 Tc (\(Eds)Tj 1.81466 0 TD (.\), )Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 169.3415 196.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Sacr)Tj 1.81347 0 TD 0.01 Tw (ed lands: A)Tj 4.57161 0 TD (boriginal w)Tj 4.69194 0 TD (orld vie)Tj 3.08232 0 TD (w)Tj 0.70312 0 TD [(s)37(, claims and con-)]TJ -28.3144 -1.41178 TD 0 Tw (flicts)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 74.5151 184.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (\(pp. 15-2)Tj 3.85304 0 TD [(1\). Calgary: Canadian Cir)19(cumpolar Institute)56(.)]TJ -8.26658 -1.41177 TD (P)Tj 0.50435 0 TD -0.014 Tc (eat, D. (1994). )Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 94.6784 172.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.013 Tc (Lighting the se)Tj 5.86081 0.00001 TD [(v)19(enth fir)18(e: The spiritual w)19(ay)19(s)37(, healing and science of the Nativ)18(e)]TJ -10.52886 -1.41177 TD 0 Tc (American)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 88.9813 160.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0002 Tc (.)Tj 0.55558 0 Td (T)Tj 0.46811 0.00001 TD 0 Tc (or)Tj 0.88794 0.00001 TD (ont)Tj 1.40698 0 TD [(o: Bir)19(ch L)18(ane Publishing Gr)19(oup.)]TJ -9.43405 -1.41179 TD 0.032 Tw [(R)19(o)19(y)19(al Commission on Aboriginal P)56(eoples)36(. (1996). )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 222.1696 148.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.03 Tw [(V)74(olume 3: Gathering str)19(ength)]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 325.5179 148.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 Tc (.)Tj 0.58815 0 Td 0 Tc [(Ott)19(a)18(w)19(a:)]TJ -32.41378 -1.41176 TD [(Minister of Supply and Services)37(.)]TJ -2.11765 -1.41176 TD 0.065 Tw [(Seller)19(s)37(, P)148(., McDonald, R.C., & Wilson, A. \(200)55(1\). Healing the land: Canada\325)37(s Centr)19(e f)18(or)]TJ 2.1176 -1.4118 TD 0.001 Tc 0.138 Tw [(Indigenous Envir)19(onment)19(al R)18(esour)19(ces helps Fir)19(st Nations pr)18(otect and r)19(est)19(or)18(e the)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw [(envir)19(onment. )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 107.0895 100.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Winds of Change)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 166.7181 100.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 Tc (,)Tj 0.55572 0 Td 0 Tc (Spring, 36-38.)Tj -15.8167 -1.4118 TD 0.009 Tc 0.13 Tw [(Simpson, L.R. (1998). Aboriginal peoples and the envir)19(onment. )]TJ ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 285.6146 88.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0.009 Tc 0.121 Tw (Canadian Journal of)Tj -27.1311 -1.4118 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (Education)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 90.0957 76.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0003 Tc (,)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 94.8188 76.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (22)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 103.6384 76.2685 Tm 0 0 0 1 k ((2), 223-238.)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 36.333 17.496 323.667 23.0401 re f Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F0 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 37.3333 33.8708 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Leanne Simpson)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 14.032 17.496 21.968 23.0401 re f BT /F0 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 15.032 33.8708 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (24)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /Length 2856 >> stream /GS0 gs 1 g 0 648 0 0 re f q /GS1 gs 0 0 0 0 k 72 63 324 532.8 re f Q /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 73 588.9874 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 Tc -0.013 Tw (Simpson, L.R. (1999). )Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F11 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 154.4555 588.9874 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.001 Tc -0.012 Tw [(The construction of tr)19(aditional ecological kno)18(wledge: Issues)37(, implica-)]TJ -7.46535 -1.41176 TD -0.018 Tc 0.005 Tw (tions and insights)Tj ET Q /GS2 gs /GS1 gs q BT /F3 1 Tf 8.5 0 0 8.5 151.0238 576.9874 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0189 Tc (.)Tj 0.52313 0 Td -0.019 Tc 0.005 Tw [(Unpublished Ph.D. Dissert)19(ation. Winnipeg: Department of Gr)19(aduate)]TJ -7.58475 -1.41176 TD -0.0002 Tc (S)Tj 0.51885 -0.00001 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw [(tudies)37(, Univ)18(er)19(sity of Manit)19(oba.)]TJ -2.63649 -1.41176 TD 0.001 Tw [(Simpson, L.R. (2000a). Anishinaabe w)19(a)18(y)19(s of kno)19(wing. In J. Oak)19(es)36(, R. Rie)19(w)19(e)56(, L. Simpson)]TJ 2.11765 -1.41176 TD -0.0056 Tc (&)Tj 0.98037 0 Td -0.006 Tc -0.008 Tw [(N. 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